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Carotenoids modulate kernel texture in maize by influencing amyloplast envelope integrity
Haihai Wang1, Yongcai Huang1,2, Qiao Xiao1,2
1National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Nature Communications
|October 23, 2020
Summary
Scientists identified Vitreous endosperm 1 (Ven1) as a key gene controlling maize kernel texture. A nonfunctional Ven1 allele causes opaque kernels by altering amyloplast membranes, offering insights for breeding vitreous maize with high vitamin A.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics
- Maize kernel development
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The mechanism behind vitreous endosperm formation in maize is not well understood.
- Vitreous kernels are desirable for processing and nutritional value.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify genetic factors controlling vitreous endosperm in maize.
- To understand the molecular mechanism linking gene function to kernel opacity.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis to identify Ven1.
- Gene sequencing to characterize the Ven1 allele in A619 inbred.
- Analysis of carotenoid and lipid composition in endosperm.
- Microscopic examination of amyloplast structure and protein body interaction.
Main Results:
- Vitreous endosperm 1 (Ven1) was identified as a major QTL for kernel vitreousness.
- Ven1 encodes β-carotene hydroxylase 3, affecting carotenoid composition in amyloplasts.
- A nonfunctional Ven1 allele (Ven1A619) alters lipid composition, increasing amyloplast membrane stability and causing opaque kernels.
- Genetic modifiers of Ven1A619 were identified, allowing for high β-carotene levels.
Conclusions:
- Ven1 plays a crucial role in regulating amyloplast membrane properties during maize kernel desiccation.
- Altered amyloplast membrane stability due to nonfunctional Ven1 leads to opaque kernels by disrupting protein-starch interactions.
- Findings provide a basis for breeding maize varieties with improved kernel vitreousness and enhanced vitamin A content.
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