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3D Printable Non-Isocyanate Polyurethanes with Tunable Material Properties.

John J Warner1, Pengrui Wang1, William M Mellor1

  • 1Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093.

Polymer Chemistry
|October 23, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Green chemistry enables new non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU) for 3D printing. These materials offer tunable properties and potential for bio-friendly compliant mechanisms, advancing sustainable polymer technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Conventional polyurethanes rely on isocyanates, which pose health and environmental risks.
  • Developing sustainable alternatives for polyurethane synthesis is crucial for reducing hazardous chemical usage.
  • 3D printing offers advanced manufacturing capabilities for creating complex polymer structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel green chemistry-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPU).
  • To investigate the 3D printing of NIPU into compliant mechanisms with spatially controlled properties.
  • To evaluate the cytocompatibility and cell adhesion of NIPU for potential bio-applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of NIPU using trimethylolpropane allyl ether-cyclic carbonate via diamine-cyclic carbonate and thiol-ene click chemistry.
  • Monitoring reactions using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.
  • Characterization of material properties through dynamic mechanical analysis, elastic deformation analysis, and swelling tests.
  • 3D printing of NIPU structures using projection photopolymerization.
  • Assessment of cytocompatibility using murine myoblast cell cultures and fluorescent microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of NIPU with tunable properties achieved through modular segment interchangeability and controlled co-photopolymerization.
  • Demonstrated capability for rapid 3D printing of complex compliant mechanisms with spatially localized material properties.
  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy confirmed the formation of urethane linkages and successful polymerization.
  • Mechanical and swelling analyses revealed distinct material properties based on NIPU composition.
  • NIPU materials exhibited good cytocompatibility and cell adhesion, suggesting potential biofouling resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Green chemistry-based NIPU can be synthesized and 3D printed into functional compliant mechanisms.
  • The employed chemistries allow for molecular tunability, enabling control over material properties.
  • These NIPU materials show promise for sustainable manufacturing of advanced polymer structures with potential biomedical applications.