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Related Concept Videos

What is the Endocrine System?00:46

What is the Endocrine System?

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The endocrine system sends hormones—chemical signals—through the bloodstream to target cells—the cells the hormones selectively affect. These signals are produced in endocrine cells, secreted into the extracellular fluid, and then diffuse into the blood. Eventually, they diffuse out of the blood and bind to target cells which have specialized receptors to recognize the hormones.
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Regulation of the Digestive System01:25

Regulation of the Digestive System

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Digestive activity regulation hinges on three primary components. Activation is prompted by a multitude of mechanical and chemical indicators, primarily detected by receptors within the stomach and intestines' walls. These receptors predominantly respond to factors such as mechanical stretching of the organ walls, changes in pH and osmolarity, and the presence of digesting materials and their by-products.
The effectors in this regulation system are glands and smooth muscles. Activation of...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

An Overview of the Endocrine System

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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What is Monogastric Digestion?01:50

What is Monogastric Digestion?

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The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
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Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

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Endocrine disruptors and gut microbiome interactions.

R Hampl1, L Stárka

  • 1Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. rhampl@endo.cz.

Physiological Research
|October 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Environmental pollutants and gut microbiota interact, influencing hormone actions. This review explores their cooperative or opposing roles in endocrine, neuroendocrine, and immunoendocrine regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Anthropogenic pollutants disrupt physiological, biochemical, and endocrine functions, impacting reproduction, metabolism, immunity, and behavior.
  • The gut microbiome, comprising microorganisms like bacteria, is increasingly recognized as an autonomous endocrine organ.
  • Limited research exists on the interplay between environmental pollutants and the gut microbiome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the gut microbiota.
  • To elucidate mechanisms of cooperative or opposing actions between these two factors.
  • To highlight the impact on endocrine, neuroendocrine, and immunoendocrine systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on endocrine disruptors and microbiota.

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Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster
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  • Analysis of documented interactions and proposed mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of findings on their combined effects.

    • Main Results:

    • Endocrine disruptors and microbiota can interact in complex ways, either synergistically or antagonistically.
    • These interactions can significantly alter hormonal balance and physiological processes.
    • Mechanisms involve modulation of microbial composition, metabolic activity, and host signaling pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in mediating the effects of environmental pollutants on endocrine health.
    • Understanding these interactions is vital for assessing the full impact of pollutants on human and animal health.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms and develop targeted interventions.