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Ultracompact Chip-Scale Refractometer Based on an InGaN-Based Monolithic Photonic Chip.

Liang Chen1, Xiaoshuai An1, Jixiang Jing1,2

  • 1School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed ultracompact chip-scale refractometers by monolithically integrating light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs). This innovation enables precise refractive index measurements for diverse applications, from pharmaceuticals to food analysis.

Keywords:
gallium nitridemonolithicphotonic integrationrefractive index sensingrefractometer

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Integrated Photonics
  • Chemical Sensing

Background:

  • Optical refractometers are crucial for analyzing concentrations and purity in pharmaceuticals, food, and petroleum.
  • Existing refractometers can be bulky, limiting their application in portable or miniaturized systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a monolithic integration of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and photodetectors (PDs) for fabricating ultracompact chip-scale refractometers.
  • To investigate the refractive index sensing capabilities of these novel devices.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ultracompact refractometers (475 × 320 μm²) using monolithic integration of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well LEDs and PDs.
  • Utilized flip-chip assembly for direct contact of the sapphire substrate with the solution.
  • Incorporated an optically smooth sapphire surface and a high-reflectance distributed Bragg reflector to enhance light detection.

Main Results:

  • The chip-scale refractometer successfully detected solutions with refractive indices from 1.3325 to 1.5148 RIU.
  • Achieved a high sensitivity of 7.77 μA/RIU and a resolution of 6.4 × 10⁻⁶ RIU.
  • Demonstrated rapid real-time responses with rise and fall times of approximately 33.9 ms and 34.7 ms, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • The monolithic integration of LEDs and PDs enables the creation of highly sensitive and rapid chip-scale refractometers.
  • These devices offer a feasible solution for miniaturized refractive index sensing across various scientific and industrial fields.