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Mechanisms Underlying Gut Hormone Secretion Using the Isolated Perfused Rat Small Intestine
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Published on: February 26, 2019

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Effects of passage through the digestive tract on incretin secretion: Before and after birth

Seiichi Tomotaki1, Ryosuke Araki1, Kouji Motokura1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Journal of Diabetes Investigation
|October 23, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Fetal incretin secretion is not stimulated by amniotic fluid passage. Postnatal enteral feeding is crucial for incretin hormone release in infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Endogenous incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory peptide/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), are secreted by the fetus.
  • The specific stimuli for fetal incretin secretion remain unclear.
  • Investigating the role of amniotic fluid passage through the fetal intestine is essential to understand these stimuli.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if the passage of amniotic fluid through the intestinal tract stimulates fetal incretin secretion.
  • To compare fetal incretin levels in infants with and without duodenal atresia.
  • To examine the relationship between postnatal enteral feeding and incretin secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Umbilical cord blood samples were collected from infants with duodenal atresia and normal controls (term and preterm).
  • Concentrations of GLP-1 and GIP were measured in umbilical cord blood.
  • Postnatal blood samples were analyzed for incretin levels in relation to enteral feeding amounts.

Main Results:

  • Umbilical vein GLP-1 and GIP levels were comparable between infants with duodenal atresia and normal infants.
  • Positive correlations were observed between the volume of enteral feeding and postnatal serum concentrations of GLP-1 (r=0.47) and GIP (r=0.49).

Conclusions:

  • Enteral feeding significantly stimulates GLP-1 and GIP secretion in postnatal infants.
  • Amniotic fluid passage through the digestive tract does not appear to be a significant factor in fetal incretin secretion.
  • The mechanisms regulating incretin secretion likely differ between the fetal and postnatal periods, with other unidentified factors stimulating fetal secretion.
Abstract

Keywords:
FetusGlucagon-like peptide-1Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

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