Changes in auditory function in premature children: A prospective cohort study

Area of Science:

• Pediatric audiology
• Neonatology
• Developmental pediatrics

Background:

• Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of auditory dysfunction.
• Understanding the trajectory of auditory development in preterm infants is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the age-specific patterns of auditory function in preterm children based on gestational age at birth.
• To identify changes in hearing over time in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

• A prospective cohort study of 271 preterm children (22-36 weeks gestational age).
• Hearing was assessed using multiple methods including ABR, ASSR, OAE, and audiometry.
• Longitudinal follow-up varied based on age and initial hearing status.

Main Results:

• Initial auditory impairment (SNHL, ANSD) was observed in both groups, with no significant difference at baseline.
• Long-term follow-up revealed hearing changes in 16 children, predominantly in the very preterm group (born before 31 weeks).
• Observed changes included hearing recovery, late-onset hearing loss, and transformations between ANSD and SNHL.

Conclusions:

• Auditory function in preterm infants is dynamic and can fluctuate, particularly in early childhood.
• Very preterm infants (before 31 weeks gestation) necessitate long-term audiological surveillance until at least 3-4 years of age.
• Delayed cochlear implantation is recommended for infants born before 32 weeks gestation due to potential auditory changes.