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Parasite intensity and the evolution of migratory behavior
Laurinne J Balstad1, Sandra A Binning2, Meggan E Craft3
1Department of Mathematics and Department of Biology, St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota, 55057, USA.
Migration can help individuals escape parasite infections. This study shows that the timing of migration relative to infection, and parasite load, determines when migration evolves as a beneficial strategy.
Area of Science:
- Ecology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Parasitology
Background:
- Migration can reduce parasite infection risk for individuals.
- Infection intensity, not just prevalence, influences survival and reproduction, affecting migration decisions.
- Existing models often simplify infection to a binary state (infected/uninfected), ignoring intensity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a novel modeling approach for migration evolution considering infection intensity.
- To investigate how infection intensity dynamics influence the evolution of migration.
- To explore conditions favoring migration as a strategy to escape parasitic infections.
Main Methods:
- Developed a new modeling framework to represent infection intensity as a continuous spectrum.
- Analyzed the interplay between migration timing and parasite accumulation rates.
- Examined population heterogeneity in infection intensity.
Main Results:
- The relative timing of migration and infection accumulation dictates when migration is favored.
- Population heterogeneity in infection intensity can result in partial migration.
- Less-infected individuals are more likely to migrate than heavily infected ones.
Conclusions:
- Infection intensity is a crucial factor in the evolution of migration.
- Decreased infection intensity is a significant, often overlooked, benefit of migration.
- Migration strategies are shaped by the spectrum of infection intensity, not just prevalence.
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