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Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition
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Factors Affecting Contrast Sensitivity in Intermittent Exotropia.

Ji Min Kwon1, Soo Jung Lee1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.

Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO
|October 25, 2020
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Summary

Contrast sensitivity (CS) did not fully represent photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT). However, CS testing may help evaluate sensory function, as reduced CS with glare was linked to photophobia and correlated with stereopsis and fusional ability in IXT patients.

Keywords:
Contrast sensitivityDepth perceptionExotropiaPhotophobia

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a common strabismus with potential sensory implications.
  • Photophobia, or light sensitivity, is a frequent complaint in IXT patients.
  • Contrast sensitivity (CS) is a measure of visual function that may be affected in IXT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if contrast sensitivity (CS) testing can serve as a proxy for photophobia in intermittent exotropia (IXT).
  • To assess the impact of glare stimulus on CS in IXT patients.
  • To identify factors within IXT that influence CS measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 107 basic-type IXT patients' medical records.
  • Comparison of CS under mesopic and photopic conditions, with and without glare.
  • Analysis of the difference in CS before and after glare (ΔCS) and correlation with clinical features.

Main Results:

  • Glare stimulus did not significantly reduce CS across all spatial frequencies.
  • Subjective photophobia was associated with lower CS under mesopic conditions with glare.
  • CS negatively correlated with stereopsis and positively with fusional ability in IXT.

Conclusions:

  • CS testing is not a direct measure of photophobia in IXT.
  • CS may decrease with glare, particularly in photophobic IXT patients.
  • CS assessment is valuable for evaluating sensory function in IXT, correlating with stereopsis and fusional ability.