JAK/STAT pathway and molecular mechanism in bone remodeling

JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, which are characterized by a close interconnection between immune and bone system. JAK/STAT pathway is involved in bone homeostasis and plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of some cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Different molecules, such as cytokines, hormones, and growth factors are responsible for the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, which leads, at the nuclear level, to start DNA transcription of target genes. Bone cells and remodeling process are often influenced by many cytokines, which act as strong stimulators of bone formation and resorption. Our aim, through careful research in literature, has been to provide an overview of the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in bone remodeling and on bone cells, with a focus on cytokines involved in bone turnover through this signal cascade. The JAK/STAT pathway, through the signal cascade activation mediated by the interaction with many cytokines, acts on bone cells and appears to be involved in bone remodeling process. However, many other studies are needed to completely understand the molecular mechanism underlying these bone process.