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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

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The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

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The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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Spatial Hearing by Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users With Temporal Fine-Structure Processing.

Sebastián A Ausili1,2, Martijn J H Agterberg1,3, Andreas Engel4

  • 1Department of Biophysics, Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Neurology
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bilateral cochlear implants (CIs) offer advantages, but binaural cue processing, like interaural timing differences (ITDs), remains challenging. Fine-structure (FS) processing did not significantly improve ITD perception in group tests, though some users showed enhanced spatial hearing.

Keywords:
bilateral cochlear implantsfine-structureinteraural level differencesinteraural time differencessound localization

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • Bilateral cochlear implantation (CI) is common for severe to profound hearing loss.
  • Understanding binaural cue processing (ITDs, ILDs) is crucial for spatial hearing in CI users.
  • The impact of fine-structure (FS) temporal processing on binaural hearing with bilateral CIs is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate binaural cue sensitivity (ITD and ILD) in bilateral CI users.
  • To evaluate the effect of FS temporal processing on ITD and ILD perception.
  • To assess sound localization abilities in relation to FS processing and binaural cue sensitivity.

Main Methods:

  • 25 adult bilateral CI users (MED-EL devices) participated.
  • Psychophysical measurements of ITD and ILD sensitivity were conducted.
  • Free-field sound localization experiments were performed with and without FS processing.

Main Results:

  • Bilateral CI users showed good ILD sensitivity but poor ITD sensitivity.
  • FS coding strategy did not improve ITD processing for spatial hearing on a group level.
  • Individual variability was high, with some users demonstrating good localization skills and exploiting temporal cues.

Conclusions:

  • Bilateral CI listeners have limited access to ITD cues crucial for low-frequency spatial hearing.
  • FS processing does not universally enhance binaural cue processing in bilateral CI users.
  • Some bilateral CI users can utilize subtle temporal cues for improved spatial perception, indicating potential for personalized strategies.