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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Vaccinations01:51

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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Hybridoma Technology01:31

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Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Subsequent T...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 4, 2025

Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination
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Emerging Concepts and Technologies in Vaccine Development.

Morgan Brisse1,2, Sophia M Vrba2, Natalie Kirk2,3

  • 1Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN, United States.

Frontiers in Immunology
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New non-viral vaccine technologies offer innovative solutions for challenging diseases. These advanced vaccine approaches improve immunology and guide future development for infectious diseases, cancers, and substance abuse.

Keywords:
COVID19cancer vaccinesinfectious diseasenanoparticle vaccinesnon-viral DNA-RNA vaccinesnoncommunicable diseasesubstance abusevirus-like particle vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional vaccines face challenges with difficult-to-target pathogens and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Existing vaccine platforms include inactivated, live-attenuated, virus-vectored, and subunit approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging non-viral vaccine development technologies.
  • To discuss how these technologies address fundamental challenges in vaccine creation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on non-viral vaccine platforms.
  • Integrative discussion of viral-like particles, nanoparticle vaccines, DNA/RNA vaccines, and rational vaccine design.

Main Results:

  • Non-viral technologies provide innovative strategies for vaccine development.
  • These methods advance understanding of vaccine immunology.
  • Potential applications include emerging infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19), cancers, and substance abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging non-viral vaccine technologies are crucial for overcoming existing hurdles in vaccine development.
  • These innovative approaches hold promise for a wider range of diseases beyond traditional infectious agents.