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Chromolaena odorata flavonoids attenuate experimental nephropathy: Involvement of pro-inflammatory genes
Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi1,2,3,4, Oyekanmi Nash4, Ojochenemi Aladi Enejoh1,4
1Chemogenomics Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria.
Abstract:
Nephropathy is a serious complication comorbid with a number of life-threatening diseases such as diabetes. Flavonoids are well known cytoprotective phytochemicals. Here, nephropathy associated with streptozotocin (STZ) treatment in experimental animals was challenged by flavonoids (CoF) isolated from Chromolaena odorata. Experimental animals were divided into control (n = 5), STZ (40 mg/kg b.w. i.p. n = 5) and STZ-CoF (CoF = 30 mg/kg b.w. oral, 60 days, n = 7) groups. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SC) levels were quantified using ELISA. Kidney function, inflammatory marker, and antioxidant gene expression levels were also evaluated using reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction protocols. Histological assessment was also performed using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining protocols. CoF improved kidney function by restoring BUN/SC levels to pre-STZ treatment states. KIM-1, TNF-α, and MCP-1 but not TNF-R and IL-10 genes were significantly downregulated in STZ-CoF treated group in comparison with STZ-treated group (p < 0.05). Anti-oxidant genes (GPx-1, CAT) significantly (p < 0.05 vs. control) upregulated in STZ-treatment did not respond to CoF treatment. STZ treatment associated Bowman's space enlargement, thickened basement membrane, and glomerulosclerosis were completely reversed in STZ-CoF group. Finally, CoF has demonstrable anti-nephropathic via downregulation of proinflammatory genes and may represent new management option in clinical nephropathy.
Insights
Flavonoids from Chromolaena odorata (CoF) reversed streptozotocin-induced nephropathy in rats by improving kidney function and reducing inflammation. This study suggests CoF as a potential therapeutic agent for clinical nephropathy.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Nephrology
- Phytochemistry
Background:
- Nephropathy is a severe complication linked to diseases like diabetes.
- Flavonoids are recognized for their cytoprotective properties.
- Streptozotocin (STZ) is used to induce experimental nephropathy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-nephropathic effects of Chromolaena odorata flavonoids (CoF).
- To evaluate CoF's impact on kidney function, inflammation, and histological changes in STZ-treated rats.
Main Methods:
- Experimental animals were divided into control, STZ-induced nephropathy, and STZ-CoF treated groups.
- Kidney function was assessed by measuring blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (SC).
- Gene expression of inflammatory markers and histological changes were analyzed.
Main Results:
- CoF treatment restored BUN and SC levels, indicating improved kidney function.
- Proinflammatory genes (KIM-1, TNF-α, MCP-1) were significantly downregulated by CoF.
- Histological analysis showed complete reversal of STZ-induced kidney damage, including glomerulosclerosis.
Conclusions:
- CoF exhibits significant anti-nephropathic effects.
- CoF ameliorates kidney damage by downregulating proinflammatory genes.
- CoF represents a potential therapeutic strategy for managing clinical nephropathy.
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