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Mechanism of Angiogenesis01:10

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...
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Arteries, the vasculature responsible for transporting blood from the heart, possess robust walls capable of enduring the elevated pressures exerted by the heartbeat. Arteries near the heart are especially thick-walled and enriched with elastic fibers across their three tunics, classifying them as elastic or conducting arteries. These arteries, usually with a diameter exceeding 10 mm, are characterized by their ability to dilate in response to the blood pumped from the heart's ventricles...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Autoregulation mechanisms are characterized by their inherent capacity for self-regulation without necessitating specific nervous stimulation or endocrine control. These mechanisms facilitate the adjustment of blood flow and, therefore, perfusion specific to each tissue region. This self-regulation encompasses chemical signals and myogenic controls.
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The hydromechanics in arteriogenesis.

Tianqi Ma1, Yong-Ping Bai1

  • 1Department of Geriatric Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China.

Aging Medicine (Milton (N.S.W))
|October 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Novel therapies are needed for coronary heart disease in the elderly, as current treatments are limited. This review explores arteriogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, focusing on how blood flow mechanics influence this process.

Keywords:
arteriogenesiscollateral circulationfluid shear stresshydromechanics

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Vascular Remodeling

Background:

  • Coronary heart diseases (CHDs) are closely linked to aging.
  • Current revascularization therapies like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) have limited efficacy in elderly patients.
  • Novel strategies promoting arteriogenesis are crucial for treating CHDs in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of hydromechanical forces in arteriogenesis under laminar flow conditions.
  • To discuss the impact of disturbed flow components in non-laminar conditions on arteriogenesis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of arteriogenesis for potential therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on arteriogenesis.
  • Analysis of hydromechanical factors influencing vascular remodeling.
  • Exploration of flow dynamics in both laminar and non-laminar conditions.

Main Results:

  • Hydromechanical components play a significant role in arteriogenesis under laminar flow.
  • Disturbed flow patterns in non-laminar conditions may have distinct effects on arteriogenesis.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to developing new treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Arteriogenesis is a vital compensatory mechanism for tissue hypoperfusion.
  • Further research into flow mechanics is essential for advancing therapeutic strategies for coronary heart disease, particularly in the elderly.
  • Targeting arteriogenesis holds promise for improving outcomes in aging populations with cardiovascular disease.