Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes the Formation of Preodontoblasts In Vitro

Odontoblast differentiation is a complex and multistep process regulated by signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Both positive and negative effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on dentinogenesis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of these conflicting results are still unclear. To gain a better insight into the role of Wnt/β-catenin in dentinogenesis, we used dental pulp cells from a panel of transgenic mice, in which fluorescent protein expression identifies cells at different stages of odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that exposure of pulp cells to WNT3a at various times and durations did not induce premature differentiation of odontoblasts. These treatments supported the survival of undifferentiated cells in dental pulp and promoted the formation of 2.3GFP⁺ preodontoblasts and their rapid transition into differentiated odontoblasts expressing DMP1-Cherry and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. WNT3a also promoted osteogenesis in dental pulp cultures. These findings provide critical information for the development of improved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.