Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Activation of Integrins

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

Integrins

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...

T Cell Types and Functions

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

Selectins

Selectins

Cell adhesion is an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Moesin controls cell-cell fusion and osteoclast function.

The Journal of cell biology·2025

Same author

Ezrin, radixin, and moesin are dispensable for macrophage migration and cellular cortex mechanics.

The EMBO journal·2024

Same author

Moesin controls cell-cell fusion and osteoclast function.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Same author

IL-2 can signal via chemokine receptors to promote regulatory T cells' suppressive function.

Cell reports·2023

Same author

Phostensin enables lymphocyte integrin activation and population of peripheral lymphoid organs.

The Journal of experimental medicine·2022

Same author

The Connection Between Rap1 and Talin1 in the Activation of Integrins in Blood Cells.

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Distinct integrin activation pathways for effector and regulatory T cell trafficking and function.

Hao Sun¹, Frederic Lagarrigue^1,2, Hsin Wang¹

¹Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

|October 26, 2020

Summary

RIAM is crucial for conventional T cell function in autoimmune colitis. However, regulatory T cells maintain immune function without RIAM, offering a therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding Disease Mechanisms Through Real-Time Analysis of T-Cell Migration

Author Spotlight: Understanding Disease Mechanisms Through Real-Time Analysis of T-Cell Migration

Published on: May 24, 2024

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Published on: March 25, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Static Adhesion Assay for the Study of Integrin Activation in T Lymphocytes

Published on: June 13, 2014

Author Spotlight: Understanding Disease Mechanisms Through Real-Time Analysis of T-Cell Migration

Author Spotlight: Understanding Disease Mechanisms Through Real-Time Analysis of T-Cell Migration

Published on: May 24, 2024

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Imaging CD4 T Cell Interstitial Migration in the Inflamed Dermis

Published on: March 25, 2016

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Integrin activation is essential for lymphocyte trafficking and immune responses.
Conventional T cells (Tconv) rely on Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) for integrin activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of RIAM in T cell function and its implications for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
To determine if RIAM deficiency impacts regulatory T cell (Treg) function and trafficking.

Main Methods:

Utilized RIAM-null (Apbb1ip-/-) mice in a spontaneous colitis model.
Analyzed Tconv and Treg cell accumulation, homing, and integrin activation in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).
Investigated the compensatory role of lamellipodin (Raph1) in RIAM-deficient T cells.

Main Results:

RIAM-null mice were protected from spontaneous colitis, with reduced Tconv cell homing to GALT.
Abundant RIAM-null Treg cells were found in GALT, exhibiting normal homing and integrin activation.
Lamellipodin compensated for RIAM deficiency in Treg cells, preserving their function.

Conclusions:

RIAM is dispensable for Treg cell integrin activation and suppressive function, unlike Tconv cells.
Inhibiting RIAM may treat Tconv cell-mediated colitis while preserving Treg cell function and trafficking.