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Related Concept Videos

Steps in Outbreak Investigation01:18

Steps in Outbreak Investigation

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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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COVID-19-Lessons Learned and Questions Remaining.

Ferric C Fang1, Constance A Benson2, Carlos Del Rio3

  • 1Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|October 26, 2020
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Summary

This review summarizes key lessons learned about SARS-CoV-2 infection, covering its epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also highlights critical unanswered questions regarding COVID-19.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly evolved since its emergence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize critical lessons learned regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • To identify outstanding research questions about COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key findings and clinical experiences.
  • Expert consensus and editorial review by Clinical Infectious Diseases editors.

Main Results:

  • Consolidated knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis.
  • Summarized effective treatment and prevention strategies for COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding and managing SARS-CoV-2.
  • Further research is essential to address remaining knowledge gaps in COVID-19.