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In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish
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Event-Triggered Tracking Control With Filtered Outputs and Impulsive Observers.

Hao Yu, Tongwen Chen

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |October 26, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces dynamic event-triggered control (ETC) for linear systems, using filtered outputs and observers to improve tracking performance while conserving communication resources. The method effectively handles disturbances and avoids Zeno behavior, enhancing system efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Control Engineering
    • Systems Theory
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Linear systems often require robust tracking control despite output feedback and disturbances.
    • Resource constraints in communication channels necessitate efficient control strategies like event-triggered control (ETC).
    • Output noise derivatives can degrade tracking and transmission performance in control systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a novel dynamic event-triggered control (ETC) scheme for linear systems with output feedback and disturbances.
    • To enhance tracking performance and communication efficiency by incorporating filtered outputs and impulsive observers.
    • To address and mitigate the impact of output noise and ensure stability and resource conservation.

    Main Methods:

    • A new configuration employing filtered outputs and impulsive observers is proposed.
    • Dynamic event-triggered control (ETC) mechanisms are utilized to schedule transmissions in sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator channels.
    • A low-pass filter preprocesses output signals to eliminate noise derivative effects, with both filtered and raw outputs transmitted.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed dynamic ETC schemes successfully achieve practical tracking control for systems with fixed reference points.
    • Zeno behavior is effectively avoided in both communication channels.
    • Under specific parameter conditions, asymptotic tracking is achievable in disturbance-free systems, and improved transient performance is demonstrated.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed dynamic ETC approach offers an efficient and feasible solution for tracking control in linear systems.
    • The integration of filtered outputs and impulsive observers enhances robustness against disturbances and noise.
    • The methodology provides a valuable framework for optimizing communication resource usage in control applications.