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    A novel plane wave optical system simplifies testing large aspheric surfaces. This method achieves high precision, with experimental results showing an RMS surface error of λ/40 for a large parabolic mirror.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Metrology

    Background:

    • Traditional spherical wave tests for aspheric surfaces are complex.
    • Large-aperture, large-relative-aperture aspheric concave surfaces present significant metrology challenges.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new optical system for high-precision null testing of large-aperture aspheric concave surfaces.
    • To simplify the assembly and testing process compared to spherical wave methods.

    Main Methods:

    • A plane wave optical system combining Dall and Offner null compensation.
    • Utilizing one back compensation lens and one front compensation lens.
    • Derivation and optimization of normalized theoretical parameters based on third-order aberration theory.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed system achieves high-precision null testing.
    • Experimental validation with a 500 mm diameter, f/1 parabolic mirror.
    • Achieved an RMS surface error of λ/40.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed plane wave system offers a simpler and more effective method for testing large aspheric surfaces.
    • The system demonstrates superior precision compared to classical methods.
    • This approach is suitable for metrology of large-aperture, large-relative-aperture aspheric components.