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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection
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Practical interrogation scheme for the abrupt taper Mach-Zehnder interferometer refractive index sensor.

Xiaoyu Gong, Scott S-H Yam

    Applied Optics
    |October 26, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new, cost-effective refractive index (RI) sensing system uses a fiber taper Mach-Zehnder interferometer. This practical design offers high sensitivity and stability for RI measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Fiber optics
    • Interferometry

    Background:

    • Conventional refractive index (RI) sensing systems often rely on expensive broadband light sources and optical spectrum analyzers.
    • Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) are sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment, making them suitable for RI sensing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and demonstrate a practical and cost-effective interrogation scheme for a refractive index sensing system based on an abrupt fiber taper Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
    • To simplify the system architecture by replacing conventional components with more accessible alternatives.

    Main Methods:

    • An abrupt fiber taper Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor was utilized.
    • Two single-wavelength laser diodes modulated by a square waveform replaced the broadband light source.
    • A simple photodetector (PD) replaced the optical spectrum analyzer for signal detection.
    • LabVIEW programming was employed for automatic data acquisition and processing.

    Main Results:

    • The proposed interrogation scheme was successfully implemented and demonstrated experimentally.
    • The system achieved a high sensitivity of 2371 mV/RIU (millivolts per refractive index unit).
    • The sensing system exhibited high stability in its measurements.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed interrogation scheme offers a practical, cost-effective, and easily integrable solution for refractive index sensing.
    • The simplified system architecture maintains high sensitivity and stability, making it suitable for various applications.