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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

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The association between thyroid function biomarkers and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Diana Albrecht1,2, Till Ittermann3,4, Michael Thamm5

  • 1Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475, Greifswald, Germany. diana.albrecht@uni-greifswald.de.

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|October 27, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid function biomarkers show a link to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Higher TSH levels correlated with lower ADHD risk, while fT3 levels were associated with increased ADHD symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Neurodevelopmental disorders

Background:

  • The relationship between thyroid function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pediatric populations remains unclear.
  • Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in neurodevelopment, potentially influencing cognitive functions and behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between thyroid function biomarkers (TSH, fT3, fT4) and the risk of ADHD diagnosis and symptoms in a large, population-based sample of children and adolescents.
  • To explore potential influences of physical maturity on these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cross-sectional data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Baseline) including 11,588 participants.
  • Assessment of ADHD diagnosis by physicians/psychologists and ADHD symptoms using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.
  • Enzymatic determination of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations.
  • Application of adjusted regression models to analyze biomarker associations with ADHD outcomes.

Main Results:

  • In children, each 1 mIU/l increase in TSH was associated with a 10% decreased risk of ADHD diagnosis (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.81-1.00).
  • A significant positive association was observed between serum fT3 levels and continuously assessed ADHD symptoms in children (β 0.08; 95% CI 0.03-0.14).

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function biomarkers, specifically TSH and fT3, are associated with ADHD diagnosis and symptoms in children.
  • Physical maturity might play a role in modulating the relationship between thyroid function and ADHD risk.