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[Antitumor drug screening at the National Cancer Institute, U.S.A]
1Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research.
Abstract:
The development of suitable screening systems is one of the most important determinants for the successful discovery of new anti-tumor drugs. The National Cancer Institute, U.S.A. has been playing a major role in the discovery and development of new agents by using various animal tumor models since 1955. In this article, the historical overview of this effort, and the difficulties and problems of this approach was reviewed. Also the new "Disease-Oriented Screening System", which is now under development as a new screening system at the National Cancer Institute was also described.
Insights
Developing effective screening systems is crucial for discovering new anti-tumor drugs. The National Cancer Institute
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Drug Discovery
Context:
- The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has historically utilized animal tumor models for anti-cancer drug discovery since 1955.
- This approach has faced significant challenges and limitations over the decades.
Purpose:
- To provide a historical overview of the NCI's drug discovery screening efforts.
- To review the difficulties and problems associated with traditional animal tumor models.
- To introduce the novel Disease-Oriented Screening System currently under development at the NCI.
Summary:
- The article reviews the historical use of animal tumor models by the National Cancer Institute for anti-cancer drug development.
- It critically examines the limitations and challenges inherent in these traditional screening systems.
- A new, promising Disease-Oriented Screening System being developed by the NCI is also detailed.
Impact:
- Highlights the evolution of anti-cancer drug screening methodologies.
- Identifies key challenges in preclinical drug development.
- Introduces a novel screening paradigm for more effective anti-tumor drug discovery.
