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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
Published on: March 17, 2023
Progress in the pathogenesis of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy and new drug development
Yazhuo Huang1,2, Sijie Fang1,2, Shuo Zhang1,2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Abstract:
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of toxic diffuse goiter (Graves' disease), also known as Graves' ophthalmopathy/orbitopathy. As an organ-specific autoimmune disease, the pathogenesis of TAO is still unclear. In recent years, great progress has been made in revealing the mechanism of TAO. Various biological and immunosuppressive agents have emerged in an endless stream, showing encouraging results. Strengthening the basic research, establishing ideal animal models, deeply understanding the pathogenesis, and developing novel targeted drugs are of great significance to guide the clinical diagnosis and management of TAO and improve the prognosis of patients.
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