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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System
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Visual function subtyping in children with early-onset cerebral visual impairment.

Hanna Sakki1, Richard Bowman2, Jenefer Sargent2

  • 1UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology
|October 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study identified three data-driven subgroups of childhood cerebral visual impairment (CVI) based on vision deficits. These findings offer a new classification system for diagnosing and profiling early-onset CVI.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Childhood cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is a leading cause of vision impairment in children.
  • Current diagnostic approaches for CVI often lack detailed functional vision profiling.
  • Developing data-driven subgrouping methods is crucial for understanding CVI heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a data-driven method for identifying and profiling subtypes of early-onset CVI.
  • To establish a novel classification system for CVI based on distinct vision function deficits.
  • To investigate the relationship between vision deficits and co-occurring neurodevelopmental and ophthalmological conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 63 children with suspected or diagnosed congenital CVI.
  • Assessed cognitive, basic, and higher-order vision functions, quality of life, and functional vision.
  • Employed cluster analysis and statistical methods for subgroup identification and validation.

Main Results:

  • Cluster analysis revealed three distinct subgroups of CVI based on vision function deficits and severity.
  • Group A1 (n=15) exhibited selective visual perception and visuomotor deficits.
  • Group A2 (n=28) presented with more severe, broader deficits and variable visual acuity.
  • Group B (n=20) showed significant visual acuity reduction and was differentiated from Group A.
  • Significant co-occurring ophthalmological and motor impairments varied across the three groups.
  • All groups reported reduced quality of life and functional vision.

Conclusions:

  • The data-driven subgrouping method successfully identified three distinct CVI subtypes.
  • These subgroups demonstrate a gradient of severity in vision function deficits.
  • The identified subgroups provide a foundation for a novel CVI classification system.
  • Co-occurring cognitive and neurodevelopmental deficits mirrored the severity gradient observed in vision impairments.