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Socioeconomic Status Mediates Racial Differences Seen Using the AT(N) Framework.

Karin L Meeker1, Julie K Wisch1, Darrell Hudson2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

African Americans show greater neurodegeneration linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. Socioeconomic status (SES) plays a role, highlighting the need for diversity in AD research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • African Americans face a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia compared to non-Hispanic whites.
  • Biological, social, and environmental factors contribute to AD dementia risk.
  • Understanding racial disparities in AD requires examining neuroimaging biomarkers and socioeconomic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess neuroimaging biomarkers (amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration) for racial differences in AD.
  • To investigate the mediating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular disease on race-related AD differences.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized AT(N) imaging (amyloid and tau PET), MRI, and resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fc) in cognitively normal African American and white participants.
  • Included measures of small vessel disease (white matter hyperintensities), cardiovascular health (blood pressure, BMI), and area-based SES.
  • Conducted mediation analyses to explore the influence of SES and cardiovascular factors on observed racial differences.

Main Results:

  • African American participants exhibited greater neurodegeneration, indicated by decreased cortical volumes, compared to white participants.
  • Socioeconomic status (SES) was found to mediate the relationship between race and cortical volumes.
  • No significant racial differences were observed for amyloid, tau, or resting-state functional connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Modifiable factors, particularly area-level SES, may explain racial disparities in AD.
  • Future AD research should incorporate psychosocial factors and prioritize diversity and inclusion efforts.
  • Improving the representativeness of AD studies is crucial for understanding and addressing health inequities.