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Afferent nerves in reflex bronchoconstriction.

G Sant'Ambrogio1

  • 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.

Bulletin Europeen De Physiopathologie Respiratoire
|January 1, 1987
PubMed
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Reflex mechanisms control bronchomotor tone via various receptors. While typically decreasing tone, nasal and laryngeal stimulation can cause bronchoconstriction in respiratory diseases like asthma.

Area of Science:

  • Respiratory physiology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bronchomotor tone regulation involves complex reflex pathways.
  • Receptors in the respiratory tract respond to diverse stimuli, including mechanical, thermal, and chemical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of various sensory receptors in the nasal cavity, larynx, and tracheobronchial tree in controlling bronchomotor tone.
  • To investigate the differential effects of stimuli on reflex bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental data and physiological mechanisms.
  • Analysis of receptor types (mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, chemoreceptors, C-fibre receptors) and their locations.
  • Examination of reflex responses to nasal, laryngeal, and tracheobronchial stimulation.

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Main Results:

  • Nasal and laryngeal irritation or cooling can induce reflex bronchoconstriction, particularly in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung diseases.
  • Specific cold receptors in the nose and larynx, along with irritant and C-fibre receptors, are implicated in these responses.
  • Slowly-adapting stretch receptors in the airways provide negative feedback, inhibiting bronchoconstriction.

Conclusions:

  • The respiratory system utilizes a sophisticated network of receptors to modulate bronchomotor tone.
  • Dysfunctional reflex responses, especially to cold and irritant stimuli, contribute to bronchoconstriction in certain respiratory conditions.
  • Understanding these reflex pathways is crucial for managing diseases characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness.