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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

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Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Mitochondrial Membranes01:45

Mitochondrial Membranes

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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Understanding the Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology through Dynamic and Three-dimensional Fluorescence Micrographs
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Aging, senescence and mitochondria: the PGC-1/ERR axis.

Mathieu Vernier1, Vincent Giguère1,2

  • 1Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Quebec, Montreal, Canada.

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
|October 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Aging involves cellular damage and organ dysfunction, with mitochondrial decline playing a key role. Targeting the PGC-1/ERR axis offers potential to combat aging and its effects.

Keywords:
agingmetabolismmitochondrionnuclear receptorstranscription factors

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and cellular biology
  • Mitochondrial medicine
  • Molecular endocrinology

Background:

  • Aging is characterized by accumulating cellular damage and progressive organ dysfunction.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a central mechanism in aging.
  • The estrogen-related receptor (ERR) family and PGC-1 coactivators are critical regulators of mitochondrial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of the PGC-1/ERR axis in age-related mitochondrial deregulation.
  • To summarize evidence linking this axis to tissue dysfunction during aging.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of targeting the PGC-1/ERR axis for anti-aging interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on aging, mitochondria, PGC-1, and ERR.
  • Analysis of research implicating the PGC-1/ERR axis in aging processes.
  • Evaluation of pharmacological strategies targeting the PGC-1/ERR pathway.

Main Results:

  • The PGC-1/ERR axis is significantly implicated in age-associated mitochondrial decline.
  • Dysregulation of this axis contributes to cellular and tissue dysfunction in aging.
  • Targeting the PGC-1/ERR axis shows promise for mitigating aging.

Conclusions:

  • The PGC-1/ERR axis is a key player in the biology of aging.
  • Modulating this axis may offer novel therapeutic avenues to promote healthy aging.
  • Further research into PGC-1/ERR-based interventions is warranted.