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Related Concept Videos

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Navigating MARRVEL, a Web-Based Tool that Integrates Human Genomics and Model Organism Genetics Information
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Prometheus, an omics portal for interkingdom comparative genomic analyses.

Gunhwan Ko1, Insu Jang1, Namjin Koo1

  • 1Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.

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|October 28, 2020
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Summary

Prometheus, a new web portal, enables functional gene analysis across diverse organisms. It overcomes limitations of model organisms for genetic engineering and drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Functional gene analysis is vital for biological understanding, genetic engineering, and drug development.
  • Current methods are often limited to model organisms, hindering broader applications.
  • Comparative genomics offers a path to infer gene functions and evolutionary relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce Prometheus, a web-based portal for comprehensive genomic data analysis.
  • To facilitate interkingdom comparative analyses for gene function discovery.
  • To provide integrated bioinformatics tools for advanced genomic research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of Prometheus, a portal hosting over 17,215 prokaryotic and eukaryotic sequences.
  • Implementation of a domain architecture-based gene identification system for cross-species analysis.
  • Integration of Gene Search functionality for identifying gene sets within specific pathways.

Main Results:

  • Prometheus provides a platform for rapid identification of single or multiple gene sets across kingdoms.
  • The portal supports comparative genomic analyses, aiding in gene function elucidation.
  • Bioinformatics tools are accessible within Prometheus and via the Bio-Express cloud platform.

Conclusions:

  • Prometheus represents a significant advancement in comparative genomic analysis.
  • The portal democratizes functional gene analysis beyond model organisms.
  • It serves as a valuable resource for biological research, genetic engineering, and pharmaceutical development.