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Microbial Cd(II) and Cr(VI) resistance mechanisms and application in bioremediation
Xian Xia1, Shijuan Wu2, Zijie Zhou2
1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation & Utilization, Hubei Engineering Research Center of Special Wild Vegetables Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstrating Center, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, PR China.
Abstract:
The heavy metals cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) are extensively used in industry and result in water and soil contamination. The highly toxic Cd(II) and Cr(VI) are the most common soluble forms of Cd and Cr, respectively. They enter the human body through the food chain and drinking water and then cause serious illnesses. Microorganisms can adsorb metals or transform Cd(II) and Cr(VI) into insoluble or less bioavailable forms, and such strategies are applicable in Cd and Cr bioremediation. This review focuses on the highlighting of novel achievements on microbial Cd(II) and Cr(VI) resistance mechanisms and their bioremediation applications. In addition, the knowledge gaps and research perspectives are also discussed in order to build a bridge between the theoretical breakthrough and the resolution of Cd(II) and Cr(VI) contamination problems.
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