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Nucleic Acid and Immunological Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: Processes, Platforms and Pitfalls
Avinash Premraj1, Abi George Aleyas1, Binita Nautiyal1
1Camel Biotechnology Center, Presidential Camels and Camel Racing Affairs Centre, Department of the President's Affairs, P O Box 17292, Al Ain 17292, UAE.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 29, 2020
Summary
Accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial for pandemic control. This review examines SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods, highlighting factors affecting test accuracy and offering strategies to minimize errors.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Diagnostic Medicine
Background:
- The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitates reliable diagnostic tools.
- Current diagnostic methods include RT-qPCR and immunodiagnostic tests, facing challenges in accuracy and reliability.
- Factors like asymptomatic carriers and varied incubation periods complicate accurate diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review available SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic techniques.
- To identify factors influencing test sensitivity and specificity.
- To provide a checklist for reducing diagnostic errors in clinical laboratories.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic methods.
- Analysis of factors impacting test performance (sensitivity, specificity).
- Development of a checklist for best practices in diagnostic testing.
Main Results:
- Multiple diagnostic techniques exist for SARS-CoV-2, each with limitations.
- Factors such as manufacturing quality, laboratory practices, and biological variability affect test accuracy.
- A checklist is proposed to mitigate false positives and negatives.
Conclusions:
- Accurate and reliable SARS-CoV-2 testing is vital for effective pandemic management.
- Understanding and addressing factors affecting test performance is essential.
- Implementing standardized practices can improve diagnostic reliability and reduce errors.
