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Intimate Partner Violence: A Risk Factor for Gestational Diabetes
Carmen Pheiffer1,2, Stephanie Dias1, Sumaiya Adam3
1Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 29, 2020
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14% of pregnancies. Intimate partner violence (IPV) may increase GDM risk by impacting maternal stress and insulin resistance, highlighting a need for IPV screening.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Public Health
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 14% of pregnancies globally, posing risks to maternal and neonatal health.
- Current risk-factor screening for GDM often fails to identify many at-risk individuals.
- Psychosocial factors are increasingly recognized as contributors to GDM risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and GDM.
- To propose a biological mechanism linking IPV to GDM development.
- To discuss the integration of IPV screening into GDM prevention strategies.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing research on IPV and GDM.
- It examines studies linking IPV exposure to GDM diagnosis.
- A biological pathway involving the HPA axis and insulin resistance is proposed.
Main Results:
- Evidence suggests a correlation between experiencing IPV during pregnancy and an increased risk of GDM.
- IPV may contribute to GDM through stress-induced HPA axis dysregulation and insulin resistance.
- This mechanism exacerbates the physiological changes of pregnancy.
Conclusions:
- IPV is a potential, underrecognized risk factor for GDM.
- Screening for IPV in pregnant populations could aid in GDM prevention.
- Further research is needed to confirm the causal link and refine screening protocols.
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