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Related Concept Videos

MOSFET01:16

MOSFET

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The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) plays a pivotal role in modern electronics thanks to its versatility and efficiency in controlling electrical currents. This device, also known as IGFET, MISFET, and MOSFET, has three main terminals: the Source, Drain, and Gate. MOSFETs are classified into n-channel or p-channel types based on the doping characteristics of their substrate and the source or drain regions.
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In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

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Nonvolatile magneto-optical switches integrated with a magnet stripe array.

Toshiya Murai, Yuya Shoji, Nobuhiko Nishiyama

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    We developed nonvolatile magneto-optical switches using Ce:YIG for low-power photonic circuits. These switches maintain their state without continuous power, enabling efficient, multi-functional integrated devices.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science
    • Integrated Circuit Design

    Background:

    • Nonvolatile optical switches are crucial for energy-efficient photonic integrated circuits (PICs).
    • Existing optical switches often require continuous power, limiting their application in low-power devices.
    • Magneto-optical materials offer potential for nonvolatile switching functionalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate nonvolatile magneto-optical switches.
    • To integrate these switches into microring and Mach-Zehnder configurations.
    • To achieve arbitrary level control and high switching ratios in optical transmission.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of optical switches using high-quality single-crystalline Cerium-substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet (Ce:YIG).
    • Integration of a magnet array and electromagnet for magnetic field control.
    • Demonstration of switching using current-induced magnetic fields and pulsed voltage for latching.

    Main Results:

    • Successful demonstration of nonvolatile optical switching in both microring and Mach-Zehnder configurations.
    • Achieved arbitrary level control of optical transmission by manipulating magnetization.
    • Obtained a maximum switching ratio exceeding 25 dB in the Mach-Zehnder switch.
    • Demonstrated latching operation with a 1-µs pulsed voltage.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed Ce:YIG based magneto-optical switches are nonvolatile and suitable for low-power PICs.
    • The integration with magnet arrays enables power-free state retention.
    • These switches offer promising functionalities for advanced optical communication and computing systems.