Parachute tricuspid valve: a systematic review

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Congenital Heart Disease
• Cardiac Surgery

Background:

• Parachute tricuspid valve is an exceedingly rare congenital cardiac anomaly.
• Its morphological characteristics and clinical significance remain incompletely understood.
• This systematic review aims to elucidate these aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the literature on parachute tricuspid valve.
• To describe its morphological and clinical features.
• To discuss diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies, and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Literature search across PubMed, Highwire Press, and Cochrane Library databases.
• Inclusion of 13 reports comprising 14 patients diagnosed between 1979 and 2019.

Main Results:

• A single papillary muscle in the right ventricle was a consistent finding.
• Tricuspid valve dysfunction varied, including regurgitation (60%), stenosis (30%), and normal function (10%).
• 40% of patients were asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic; 60% required surgical/interventional treatment for severe symptoms or associated defects.

Conclusions:

• Parachute tricuspid valve management depends on symptom severity and associated cardiac anomalies.
• Surgical or interventional treatment is indicated for severe symptoms, right ventricular inflow obstruction, or tricuspid stenosis.
• Patient outcomes are variable, with a reported survival rate of 70%.