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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Drug Analysis Methods

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to tailor drug therapy effectively. This monitoring is critical for managing drugs with narrow therapeutic indices like digoxin and phenytoin, ensuring they are both safe and effective. For instance, monitoring theophylline levels in asthma patients involves precision and sensitivity to adjust doses according to individual responses to therapy, ensuring efficacy and...

Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Published on: October 13, 2022

[Detection of adverse events in thyroid and parathyroid surgery using trigger tool and Minimum Basic Data Set

R Kaibel Val¹, P Ruiz López², A I Pérez Zapata³

¹Clínica Hospital Povisa, Vigo, España.

Journal of Healthcare Quality Research

|October 29, 2020

Summary

The trigger tool is more effective than the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) for detecting adverse events (AE) in surgical patients with thyroid and parathyroid disease. Most identified AEs were preventable and of low severity.

Keywords:

Adverse event Cirugía general Conjunto Mínimo de Datos Básicos Evento adverso General surgery Herramienta trigger Minimum Basic Data Set Patient safety Seguridad del paciente Trigger tool

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Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Investigation of the Electrophysiological and Thermographic Safety Parameters of Surgical Energy Devices During Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

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Published on: October 13, 2022

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Published on: February 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Healthcare Quality Improvement
Patient Safety Research
Surgical Outcomes Analysis

Background:

Adverse events (AE) in hospitalized patients can impact outcomes and increase healthcare costs.
Accurate detection of AEs is crucial for implementing effective patient safety interventions.
Existing methods for AE detection have varying sensitivities and specificities.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of the trigger tool and the Minimum Basic Data Set (MBDS) in identifying adverse events (AEs).
To assess AE detection in hospitalized surgical patients with thyroid and parathyroid disease.

Main Methods:

A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from May 2014 to April 2015.
Patients undergoing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy were included.
Adverse events were identified using a trigger tool and the MBDS through systematic clinical documentation review.

Main Results:

203 AEs were identified in 251 patients; 90.04% were detected by the trigger tool versus 10.34% by MBDS.
The trigger tool demonstrated higher sensitivity (91.27%) compared to MBDS (13.49%).
MBDS showed higher specificity (100%) and positive predictive value (100%) than the trigger tool.

Conclusions:

The trigger tool is significantly more sensitive for detecting adverse events in this patient population.
The majority of detected AEs were of low severity and considered preventable.
Specific triggers like "antiemetic administration" and "calcium administration" showed high predictive power for AE detection.