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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

482
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

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The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
285
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

174
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

134
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Relation Between Thyroid Function and Mortality in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

Nathan A Samuel1, Joseph J Cuthbert2, Oliver I Brown2

  • 1Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, UK.

The American Journal of Cardiology
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid dysfunction in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients is linked to worse survival, but it is not an independent predictor of mortality. This study examined thyroid function and prognosis in a large CHF cohort.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients.
  • Evidence on the prognostic impact of thyroid dysfunction in CHF is conflicting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between thyroid function and prognosis in a large cohort of ambulatory patients with CHF.
  • To determine if thyroid dysfunction is an independent predictor of mortality in CHF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Defined heart failure as signs/symptoms with either left ventricular systolic dysfunction (HFrEF) or normal ejection fraction and elevated NT-proBNP (HFnEF).
  • Classified thyroid status: euthyroid (TSH 0.35-4.70 mIU/l), hypothyroid (TSH >4.70 mIU/l), and hyperthyroid (TSH <0.35 mIU/l).
  • Analyzed mortality risk using univariable and multivariable analyses in 4992 CHF patients.

Main Results:

  • In univariable analysis, both hypothyroidism (HR 1.25) and hyperthyroidism (HR 1.21) were associated with increased mortality risk compared to euthyroid patients.
  • A U-shaped relationship between TSH levels and outcomes was observed.
  • Multivariable analysis revealed that age, NT-proBNP, and NYHA class were the strongest predictors of adverse outcomes, not thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is associated with poorer survival in CHF patients.
  • Thyroid dysfunction is not an independent predictor of mortality in this CHF cohort.
  • Age, NT-proBNP, and NYHA class are key prognostic indicators in CHF.