Chlorogenic Acid Enriched Green Coffee Ameliorated Renal Injury in Rats

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Nephrology
• Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

• Gentamicin (GM) is a common antibiotic associated with a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in hospitalized patients.
• Green coffee bean extract, containing chlorogenic acid (CGA), has shown potential benefits for non-communicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the protective effects of a CGA-enriched fraction of green coffee bean extract (GCBE) against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model.
• To investigate the underlying mechanisms of kidney protection offered by CGA.

Main Methods:

• A preclinical, case-controlled experimental intervention was conducted using a gentamicin-induced AKI rat model.
• Chlorogenic acid (CGA) content in green coffee bean extract (GCBE) was quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC).
• Rats were treated with varying doses of GCBE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) for five consecutive days, followed by renal function assessment on day 6.

Main Results:

• GCBE significantly and dose-dependently reduced blood urea, creatinine, and potassium levels, while increasing sodium levels in AKI rats.
• GCBE treatment led to a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase) and a decrease in lipid peroxides.
• These improvements were observed at a statistically significant level (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

• Chlorogenic acid (CGA) from green coffee beans exhibits significant nephroprotective effects against gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury.
• The protective mechanism involves the downregulation of the p53 transcription factor, leading to the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in renal tubules.