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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

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Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
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Insulin Secretory Vesicles01:05

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Insulin secretory vesicles release insulin to stimulate blood glucose uptake and regulate carbohydrate metabolism. When the blood glucose levels increase, glucose enters the pancreatic β-islet cells through glucose transporters. Once inside, glucose is metabolized through glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, producing ATP. This increase in ATP concentration closes ATP-sensitive potassium channels, leading to depolarization of the membrane and the opening of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

A High-Throughput Electrochemiluminescence 7-Plex Assay Simultaneously Screening for Type 1 Diabetes and Multiple Autoimmune Diseases
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Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome - A Case Series.

Hiya Boro1, Uttio Gupta1, Charandeep Singh1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

European Endocrinology
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (Hirata's disease) causes hypoglycemia without external insulin use. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent unnecessary medical interventions.

Keywords:
Hirata’s diseaseInsulin autoimmune syndromeinsulin autoantibodiesinsulin to C-peptide ratiopost-absorptive hypoglycaemia

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), or Hirata's disease, is a rare autoimmune disorder.
  • It presents as recurrent hypoglycemia due to autoantibodies against insulin.

Observation:

  • This abstract details two cases of IAS diagnosed and managed at our institute.
  • IAS is characterized by spontaneous hypoglycemic episodes without exogenous insulin administration.

Findings:

  • The majority of IAS cases occur in the Japanese population, with rare occurrences in other ethnicities.
  • The two reported cases highlight the diagnostic challenges and management of IAS.

Implications:

  • Recognizing IAS is vital to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary investigations.
  • This report contributes to understanding IAS in non-Japanese populations and emphasizes timely diagnosis.