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Lipid hijacking: a unifying theme in vector-borne diseases.

Anya J O'Neal1, L Rainer Butler1, Agustin Rolandelli1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.

Elife
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vector-borne pathogens exploit host lipids in blood for survival and disease. This review explores how microbes like Plasmodium falciparum and Borrelia burgdorferi hijack lipids in mammals and vectors.

Keywords:
arthropod vectorsinfectioninfectious diseasemicrobiologyvector-borne diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Parasitology
  • Vector-Borne Diseases

Background:

  • Vector-borne illnesses are a major global health concern, causing 17% of all infections.
  • Blood-feeding arthropods transmit numerous pathogens to mammalian hosts.
  • Host lipids are crucial for microbial survival, replication, and pathogenesis within blood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical role of lipid hijacking by vector-borne microbes.
  • To explore how pathogens manipulate host lipids for growth and persistence.
  • To examine lipid utilization in both mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific studies on vector-borne pathogens and host lipids.
  • Analysis of lipid metabolism and scavenging by microbes such as Plasmodium falciparum and Borrelia burgdorferi.
  • Synthesis of findings on lipid manipulation for microbial survival, replication, immune evasion, and disease severity.

Main Results:

  • Pathogens scavenge and manipulate host lipids for essential functions.
  • Lipid hijacking supports microbial structural integrity, metabolism, and replication.
  • Altered lipid metabolism contributes to immune evasion and increased disease severity.

Conclusions:

  • Lipid hijacking is a key survival strategy for vector-borne pathogens.
  • Understanding lipid-host interactions is vital for controlling vector-borne diseases.
  • Targeting microbial lipid metabolism presents a potential therapeutic avenue.