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Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
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Responsibility amplifies empathic forecasts.

Fausto J Gonzalez1, Minah H Jung1, Clayton R Critcher2

  • 1Department of Marketing.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
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People perceive stronger emotional reactions when an intentional agent causes an outcome, a phenomenon termed responsibility amplifies empathic forecasts (RAEF). This effect is strongest when the agent both causes and intends the outcome, and can be egocentric.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Moral Psychology

Background:

  • Empathic forecasts are influenced by psychological distance and moral considerations.
  • People tend to overgeneralize ecologically valid relationships.
  • Understanding how agency impacts emotional perception is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore whether, why, and for whom responsibility amplifies empathic forecasts (RAEF).
  • To investigate the role of intentionality and causality in RAEF.
  • To examine the conditions under which RAEF may or may not be egocentric.

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted involving participants making decisions and forecasting emotional reactions.
  • Study 1: Participants chose videos for others, comparing intentional vs. random selection.
  • Study 2: Investigated causality and intention's role. Study 3: Examined self vs. other responsibility in resource allocation.

Main Results:

  • Participants predicted stronger affective responses when an intentional agent (vs. random) caused an outcome.
  • RAEF was amplified by the combination of causing and intending an outcome.
  • Responsibility's weight in empathic forecasts can be egocentric, with individuals perceiving their own responsibility as more impactful.

Conclusions:

  • Responsibility amplifies empathic forecasts, particularly when agency involves clear causation and intention.
  • RAEF is not always egocentric, but self-responsibility can loom larger in one's own perception.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the nuances of agency and emotional forecasting.