Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.6K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.6K
Blinding01:11

Blinding

3.7K
Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.
3.7K
Blind Procedures02:07

Blind Procedures

12.6K
Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...
12.6K
Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility01:34

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

3.6K
Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
3.6K
Random Sampling Method01:09

Random Sampling Method

13.9K
Sampling is a technique to select a portion (or subset) of the larger population and study that portion (the sample) to gain information about the population. Data are the result of sampling from a population. The sampling method ensures that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest. Among the various sampling methods used by...
13.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Prediction-Based Family Selection in Early Stage Sugarcane Breeding: Comparing BLUP, BLUE, Phenotypic Indices, and Machine Learning.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

FDA-approved fulvestrant-induced CAR phase separation enables precise control of CAR T antitumor function.

Cell stem cell·2026
Same author

Titanium-coated PEEK versus 3D-printed porous titanium cages in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: A meta-analysis.

Journal of orthopaedics·2026
Same author

A mini-review of risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip: insights from multiple comparative cohort studies.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B·2026
Same author

Intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral bionic nail versus proximal femoral nail antirotation versus InterTan Nail: A meta-analysis.

Journal of orthopaedics·2026
Same author

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of rapid post-midday photosynthetic recovery in Saccharum spontaneum reveals candidate pathways for sugarcane improvement.

BMC plant biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.2K

PSPAB: Privacy-preserving average procurement bidding system with double-spending checking.

Li Li1,2, Jiayong Liu1, Peng Jia1

  • 1College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Plos One
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We introduce PSPAB, a secure system for average procurement bidding that protects supplier bid privacy. This lightweight solution ensures efficient bidding and prevents double spending, validated by experiments.

More Related Videos

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

24.0K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions
06:54

Methods for Presenting Real-world Objects Under Controlled Laboratory Conditions

Published on: June 21, 2019

6.2K
Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
12:09

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans

Published on: March 19, 2014

24.0K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography
  • Information Security

Background:

  • Organizations utilize auctions for cost-effective procurement.
  • Existing privacy-preserving auction solutions lack efficiency in average bidding.
  • A need exists for robust privacy in procurement bidding systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose PSPAB, a novel system for secure average procurement bidding.
  • To ensure full bid privacy for suppliers.
  • To enable user identification for preventing double spending.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a lightweight, secure average procurement bidding system (PSPAB).
  • Employed cryptographic tools for bid privacy.
  • Formally proved system security under a semi-honest adversary model.

Main Results:

  • PSPAB provides full privacy for supplier bids.
  • The system is efficient for average procurement bidding.
  • PSPAB allows procurement managers to identify users in cases of double spending.

Conclusions:

  • PSPAB offers an efficient and secure solution for procurement bidding.
  • The system effectively balances privacy protection with fraud detection.
  • Experimental validation confirms PSPAB's practical applicability.