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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Evaluation of Tumor-infiltrating Leukocyte Subsets in a Subcutaneous Tumor Model
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Resident Memory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Jason B Williams1, Thomas S Kupper2

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells offer lasting immunity within tissues and are crucial for fighting cancer. Targeting these cells shows promise for enhancing antitumor immune responses and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Antigen-presenting cellsCancerImmune exclusionImmunityImmunotherapyMicroenvironmentT cell dysfunctionTissue-resident memory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Immunology

Background:

  • Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide localized, long-term immunological memory within various tissues.
  • These cells are vital for rapid responses to tissue disturbances and pathogen re-exposure.
  • Recent research indicates a significant role for TRM cells in cancer immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of TRM cells in the cancer-immunity cycle.
  • To explore TRM cell function within different tumor microenvironments (TME).
  • To identify TRM cells as potential immunotherapeutic targets for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence and preclinical studies on TRM cells in cancer.
  • Analysis of single-cell approaches identifying TRM cells within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).
  • Discussion of TRM cell characteristics in relation to the TME.

Main Results:

  • TRM cell presence is a positive prognostic indicator in cancer patients.
  • Preclinical studies confirm TRM cells as critical components of antitumor immunity.
  • TRM cells possess unique features suited for the metabolically demanding TME.

Conclusions:

  • TRM cells are strategically positioned for tissue-specific immunity and cancer surveillance.
  • Their unique functional capabilities make them promising targets for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Targeting TRM cells can potentially augment antitumor immune responses.