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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
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RNA Pull-down Procedure to Identify RNA Targets of a Long Non-coding RNA
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Linking long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and doping detection.

Bernardo Bonilauri1, Bruno Dallagiovanna1

  • 1Laboratory of Basic Biology of Stem Cells (LABCET), Carlos Chagas Institute-FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) show promise as biomarkers for detecting substance misuse over time. Their tissue-specific expression and regulation offer new avenues for anti-doping strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery
  • Molecular biology
  • Anti-doping science

Background:

  • Current doping detection methods require continuous improvement for longitudinal substance misuse monitoring.
  • Indirect detection methods offer a promising alternative for long-term athlete surveillance.
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) possess unique characteristics making them potential biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as novel biomarkers for detecting substance misuse.
  • To highlight the suitability of lncRNAs for longitudinal doping control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lncRNA characteristics and their application in biological detection.
  • Analysis of lncRNA properties, including tissue-specific expression and regulatory mechanisms.
  • Exploration of indirect detection strategies for substance misuse.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns, crucial for targeted biomarker development.
  • Strict regulation of lncRNAs suggests stability and reliability as biological markers.
  • The characteristics of lncRNAs align with the requirements for longitudinal monitoring in anti-doping.

Conclusions:

  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a promising class of biomarkers for the longitudinal detection of doping agents.
  • Further research into lncRNAs could lead to innovative and more effective anti-doping detection methods.