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Typical Model Studies

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Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment

Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

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Modeling and Similitude

Modeling and Similitude

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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...

Design Example: Calculating Safe Diameter for Wind-Exposed Disc

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Assessing safety in wind-exposed installations is crucial to preventing potential failures. This example explores the calculation and design adjustments needed to mount a circular disc on a building facade, where wind forces are a primary concern. A 4-meter diameter disc was initially designed as an aesthetic feature facing winds at a velocity of 25 meters per second, with an air density of 1.25 kilograms per cubic meter. Given these conditions, the drag force on the disc was determined using...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Simulation of Human-induced Vibrations Based on the Characterized In-field Pedestrian Behavior

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Published on: April 13, 2016

Collision risk modelling for tidal energy devices: A flexible simulation-based approach.

Nicholas Horne¹, Ross M Culloch², Pál Schmitt³

¹School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Marine Laboratory, 12-13 The Strand, Portaferry, Northern Ireland, UK.

Journal of Environmental Management

|October 29, 2020

Summary

A new simulation approach enhances collision risk assessment for marine renewable energy devices. This flexible method improves understanding of animal interactions, aiding sustainable industry growth.

Keywords:

Collision-risk Environmental impact assessment Marine mammal Simulations Tidal energy

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Area of Science:

Marine Renewable Energy
Ecological Impact Assessment
Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

The expanding marine renewable energy sector faces challenges in consenting processes due to potential animal collision risks with devices like tidal turbines.
Existing collision risk models often lack the flexibility to assess novel device designs or complex animal behaviors, hindering comprehensive risk evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and demonstrate a novel simulation-based approach for estimating collision probabilities between marine animals and renewable energy devices.
To assess the influence of ecological and behavioral variations on collision risk using a hypothetical case study.

Main Methods:

A simulation framework was developed to model a tidal kite device and a seal-shaped object, incorporating 3D movement trajectories.
Variations in animal approach angle, speed, and size were simulated, with results post-processed using a hypothetical dive profile for enhanced accuracy.
The approach allows for flexible incorporation of empirical data and expert elicitation to refine collision risk estimates.

Main Results:

Simulation results demonstrated how variations in input parameters and post-processing significantly influence collision probabilities.
The study highlighted the sensitivity of collision risk estimates to changes in animal behavior and device configuration.

Conclusions:

The simulation-based approach offers a flexible, robust, and transparent quantitative tool for assessing collision risks in marine renewable energy developments.
This tailored framework can better inform decision-making, facilitating sustainable growth in the marine renewable energy industry.
The approach is applicable to a diverse range of marine renewable energy devices and animal interactions, supporting global climate change mitigation efforts.