Expression of Campylobacter jejuni invasiveness in cell cultures coinfected with other bacteria

Enteroinvasive Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli strains were found to exert an effect which rendered Campylobacter jejuni capable of intracellular localization in epithelial cells in vitro. When monolayers of HEp-2 or A-549 cells were challenged with pure cultures of C. jejuni or Campylobacter coli, none of the eight strains tested invaded the cells. In contrast, four of these strains were able to localize intracellularly when the cells were challenged with a mixture of campylobacters and enteroinvasive Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, or E. coli strains. Invasiveness of campylobacters was also induced by one nonenteroinvasive strain of E. coli O124. Coinfection with other nonenteroinvasive E. coli strains did not induce invasiveness in C. jejuni. The degree of internalization induced by S. typhimurium was significantly higher than that induced by Shigella or E. coli strains. The invasive capacity of C. jejuni was found to differ considerably between strains. No evidence of an invasive potential was demonstrable for two C. coli strains or for two enterotoxigenic isolates of C. jejuni examined. C. jejuni was only able to localize intracellularly in cell cultures when the interaction occurred in a microaerobic atmosphere. None of the strains tested evoked keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pig eyes (Sereny test), regardless of the presence of coinfectants. The results indicate that a synergistic interaction that exists between C. jejuni and other enteropathogens facilitates invasion by C. jejuni.