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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...
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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Hyperbaric Oxygen Exposure Attenuates Circulating Stress Biomarkers: A Pilot Interventional Study.

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Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) reduced markers of mitochondrial and oxidative stress in healthy volunteers. This suggests HBOT may help alleviate metabolic burdens and has potential therapeutic applications for metabolic diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is used for ischemia and intoxication, with known benefits like wound healing.
  • The molecular mechanisms behind HBOT's effects remain unclear.
  • Understanding HBOT's impact on metabolic stress markers is crucial for its therapeutic application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a specific HBOT protocol on serum metabolic stress biomarkers.
  • To explore the potential of HBOT in attenuating mitochondrial and oxidative stress.

Main Methods:

  • Ten healthy male volunteers received a single HBOT session (2.8 ATA for 45 min, then 2.0 ATA for 55 min).
  • Serum biochemical variables, including triglyceride, growth differentiation factor 15, and γ-glutamyltransferase, were analyzed.
  • Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured to assess the adiponectin/leptin ratio.

Main Results:

  • HBOT did not alter most serum biochemical variables within one week, except for increased triglycerides.
  • Serum concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 (a mitochondrial stress indicator) and γ-glutamyltransferase (an oxidative stress marker) were reduced.
  • HBOT increased adiponectin and decreased leptin, elevating the adiponectin/leptin ratio.

Conclusions:

  • HBOT appears to attenuate mitochondrial and oxidative stress.
  • The therapy may relieve metabolic burdens, as indicated by changes in stress biomarkers.
  • These findings suggest HBOT's potential utility in treating metabolic diseases.