Factors Affecting the Formation and Treatment of Thrombosis by Natural and Synthetic Compounds

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Medicine
• Hematology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
• DVT involves blood clot formation in deep veins, leading to altered blood flow and cellular responses.
• Thrombosis is the third leading cardiovascular disease globally.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the factors influencing hemostatic disorders and blood clot formation.
• To discuss the mechanisms of thrombosis, including cellular and molecular players.
• To examine current and traditional therapeutic strategies for VTE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of factors affecting hemostasis and thrombosis.
• Analysis of mechanisms involving hypoxia, endothelial cells, platelets, and neutrophils.
• Review of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drug actions.
• Exploration of natural anticoagulants from plant sources.

Main Results:

• Blood clot formation involves fibrin, platelets, and blood cells, influenced by factors like hypoxia and reactive oxygen species (ROS).
• Endothelial cells, platelets, and neutrophils play critical roles in thrombosis pathogenesis.
• Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs target coagulation factors and platelet activation.
• Natural anticoagulants from traditional Eastern medicine offer potential therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

• While significant progress has been made, the pathogenesis of thrombosis requires further clarification.
• A comprehensive understanding of thrombosis mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
• Investigating natural anticoagulants may reveal novel therapeutic targets for VTE prevention and management.