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Updated: Dec 3, 2025

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The Innate Immune Signalling Pathways: Turning RIG-I Sensor Activation Against Cancer.

Sandra Iurescia1, Daniela Fioretti1, Monica Rinaldi1

  • 1Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Science, National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy.

Cancers
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) agonists can enhance anti-tumour immunity by activating innate immune responses within the tumour microenvironment. This approach aims to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes.

Keywords:
Innate immunityRIG-Iagonistcancerclinical trialimmunotherapytumour microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has advanced significantly by harnessing the patient's immune system.
  • Adaptive anti-tumour immunity is supported by innate immune responses, which recognize danger signals via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).
  • Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a key cytosolic sensor detecting viral RNA and initiating immune signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of RIG-I signaling in the tumour microenvironment.
  • To summarize recent preclinical studies on RIG-I agonists for cancer therapy.
  • To present ongoing clinical trials evaluating RIG-I's anti-tumour potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on RIG-I signaling in cancer.
  • Analysis of preclinical research utilizing RIG-I agonists.
  • Overview of clinical trials investigating RIG-I-based cancer treatments.

Main Results:

  • RIG-I activation triggers pathways leading to type I interferons and inflammatory cytokines.
  • Activating RIG-I in cancers can create an inflammatory tumour microenvironment.
  • This inflammation may enhance cytotoxic T-cell activity and infiltration.

Conclusions:

  • RIG-I agonists represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
  • Activating RIG-I signaling could improve the efficacy of existing immunotherapies.
  • Clinical trials are crucial to validate RIG-I's anti-tumour role and therapeutic benefits.