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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Repurposing Nucleoside Analogs for Human Coronaviruses.

Keivan Zandi1,2, Franck Amblard1,2, Katie Musall1,2

  • 1Center for AIDS Research, Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers confirmed novel nucleoside analogs show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and HCoV-OC43. Sofosbuvir was ineffective against SARS-CoV-2, with its triphosphate not inhibiting viral RNA polymerase.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronaviridaeHCoV-OC43SARS-CoV-2antiviral agentsemtricitabinelamivudinenucleoside analogsremdesivirsofosbuvir

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19.
  • Previous reports suggested nucleoside analogs may possess antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Confirmation of these findings is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a panel of nucleoside analogs for antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To identify novel compounds with potential therapeutic applications against coronaviruses.
  • To validate or refute previous claims regarding the efficacy of specific nucleoside analogs.

Main Methods:

  • Antiviral screening of selected nucleoside analogs against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 in vitro.
  • Assessment of the inhibitory effect of sofosbuvir triphosphate on SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase activity.

Main Results:

  • Several novel nucleoside analogs demonstrated significant antiviral activity against both SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43.
  • Sofosbuvir exhibited no antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2.
  • The triphosphate form of sofosbuvir did not inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase.

Conclusions:

  • Novel nucleoside analogs represent promising candidates for further development as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
  • The findings do not support the use of sofosbuvir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • Further research into the identified nucleoside analogs is warranted to explore their therapeutic potential.