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Kin Recognition in the Parasitic Plant Triphysaria versicolor Is Mediated Through Root Exudates.

Yaxin Wang1, Maylin Murdock1, Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai1

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Triphysaria plants recognize kin by the absence of active haustorium-inducing factors (HIFs) in their root exudates. Enzymatic oxidases can activate these HIFs, suggesting a novel mechanism for parasitic plant self-recognition.

Keywords:
2,6-dimethoxy benzoquinoneTriphysariakin recognitionlaccaseparasitic plantperoxidaseplant-plant interactionroot exudate

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Parasitic Plant Research
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Triphysaria is a facultative parasitic plant with a broad host range, but it rarely parasitizes its own species.
  • This self-non-self recognition mechanism in parasitic plants is not well understood.
  • Haustorium development, crucial for parasitic plant attachment, is regulated by specific signaling molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of self and kin recognition in Triphysaria versicolor.
  • To determine the role of root exudates and enzymatic activity in haustorium development and host recognition.
  • To identify potential Haustorium-Inducing Factors (HIFs) and their regulation in Triphysaria.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of Triphysaria seedling root exudates for haustorium-inducing activity.
  • Treatment of Triphysaria roots with enzymatic oxidases (horseradish peroxidase, fungal laccase) and known HIFs (DMBQ).
  • Analysis of transgenic Triphysaria roots overexpressing a fungal laccase gene (TvLCC1).

Main Results:

  • Host root exudates (Arabidopsis, Medicago) induced haustorium development, while Triphysaria exudates did not.
  • Treatment of Triphysaria roots with enzymatic oxidases generated haustorium-inducing activity, suggesting the presence of HIF precursors.
  • Transgenic roots showed increased responsiveness to a known HIF, indicating the role of laccase in HIF signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Kin recognition in Triphysaria is linked to the absence of active HIFs in their root exudates.
  • Enzymatic oxidases can activate or release HIFs from Triphysaria root substrates.
  • Differential oxidase activity between host and parasite roots may mediate kin recognition in haustorium development.