The genome editing revolution: review

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Genome editing has rapidly advanced, attracting significant research interest.
• This review covers the history, principles, pros, cons, and applications of genome editing technologies.
• Challenges in delivering gene editing components are a key focus.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of genome editing technologies.
• To discuss the evolution, mechanisms, and applications of gene editing.
• To highlight current challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

• Exploration of four programmable nuclease types: meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9.
• Discussion of genetic modification techniques including transgenic animal generation and gene function analysis.
• Emphasis on the critical role of construct delivery into target cells or organisms.

Main Results:

• Genome editing enables precise manipulation of cellular and organismal genomes.
• Technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 offer revolutionary potential in human health and agriculture.
• Overcoming delivery obstacles is crucial for advancing gene editing applications.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing techniques have achieved significant success.
• Despite advancements, challenges persist in the practical application of genome editing.
• Further research is needed to overcome current difficulties and unlock the full potential of genome editing.