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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

55.8K
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

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Overview
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 3, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

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The genome editing revolution: review.

Ahmad M Khalil1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan. kahmad76@yahoo.com.

Journal, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology
|October 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Genome editing technologies offer powerful tools for genetic modification, with four main types of nucleases available. While revolutionary, challenges in delivery and application remain for full potential realization.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas systemGene editingGene therapyGenome editingMeganucleasesTALENZFN

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genome editing has rapidly advanced, attracting significant research interest.
  • This review covers the history, principles, pros, cons, and applications of genome editing technologies.
  • Challenges in delivering gene editing components are a key focus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of genome editing technologies.
  • To discuss the evolution, mechanisms, and applications of gene editing.
  • To highlight current challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of four programmable nuclease types: meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and CRISPR/Cas9.
  • Discussion of genetic modification techniques including transgenic animal generation and gene function analysis.
  • Emphasis on the critical role of construct delivery into target cells or organisms.

Main Results:

  • Genome editing enables precise manipulation of cellular and organismal genomes.
  • Technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 offer revolutionary potential in human health and agriculture.
  • Overcoming delivery obstacles is crucial for advancing gene editing applications.

Conclusions:

  • Genome editing techniques have achieved significant success.
  • Despite advancements, challenges persist in the practical application of genome editing.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current difficulties and unlock the full potential of genome editing.